Sunday, December 29, 2019

The History of Greek Architecture Essays - 1042 Words

The History of Greek Architecture The architecture of ancient Greece is represented by buildings in the sanctuaries and cities of mainland Greece, the Aegean islands, southern Italy and Sicily, and the Ionian coast of Turkey. Monumental Greek architecture began in the archaic period, flourished through the classical and Hellenistic periods, and saw the first of many revivals during the Roman Empire. The roots of Greek architecture lie in the tradition of local Bronze Age house and palaces. The following paper will cover the basic forms of Greek architecture. One of the many types of Greek building structures was Sacred Architecture. The Greeks conceived of their gods in human form, as anthropomorphic†¦show more content†¦This era brought about the introduction of both the Doric and Ionic Orders. The Doric Order, which originated around 400 BCE brought rise to a whole new type of building technique and style. In the archaic temples, stone gradually started to replace wood, and some of the structural details of the early buildings appear to have been copied in stone. At Thermon, in northwestern Greece, a succession of buildings from the Last Bronze Age throughout the sixth century BCE show the evolution of the Doric temple from a hall shaped like a hairpin to a long rectangular building with a porch at either end and surrounded by columns. The temple of Hera at Olympia, built about 600 BCE, had wooden columns that were gradually replaced by stone ones, probably as votive gifts. The variety of column and capital shapes illustrates the evolution of the Doric order. The earliest columns had a heavy, bulging profile, and their capitals were broad and low. During the archaic period, limestone became the standard building material for foundations, steps, walls, columns, and Doric entablature. Building such as the famous Temple of Aphaia on Aegina illustrate the dramatic influence of the Doric order. White the Doric order became the standard for mainland Greece, the Ionian colonies in the eastern Aegean were developing a very different system of columns and entablature based on Egyptian and Near Eastern architecture. The tall slender columns, low entablature, andShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Roman And Greek Architecture1518 Words   |  7 PagesRoman and Greek architecture is something to be revered. It is fascinating that people lacking the advanced technology we have today could create monuments of such magnitude and perfection. Commonly, these temples were built to worship and honor deities, and so they must be built pristine. Although the Romans sometimes cut corners when it came to materials in order to remain economic, they definitely didn’t cut any when it came to scale and appearance. Many early civilizations recycled styles andRead MoreComparing Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Architecture Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesaround 753 B.C. by the two twins, Romulus and Remus. Romulus ended up killing Remus and built the city of Rome on one of seven rolling hills. Architecture was very important to both civilizations and they were always trying to out due the other. The architectural style of the Ancient Greeks and Romans was overall constructed and used differently. The ancient Greeks developed a system of orders which were known as columns. There were three different types of columns and each had they own special twistRead MoreCultural Context Of The Temple Of Athena1745 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity 194 BE Cultural Context Temple Of Hera in the history Discuss the influence of culture to a classic building Liujingya 2016-4-21 6714415 â€Æ' Contents ï  ¬ Introduction ï  ¬ Main body 1. Establishment of the temple 2. Related politics and art 3. Culture development ï  ¬ Conclusion Cultural influence of the temple of Hera It is very clear that ancient buildings can be a part of the evidence to show what happed in the history. As a part of ancient culture, architectural languages haveRead MoreAncient Greece and Its Influence on Western Society Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Greek culture had major influences on today’s culture; some of these influences include mathematics, government, art and architecture; they even did research in the field of medicine. Many cultures and religions have adapted their ideas from the ancient Greeks. Without the influences of the ancient Greeks our society wouldn’t be the way it is today. The Greek culture lasted from around 776 BCE to 146 BCE (though it is argued to have begun around 1000 BCE), during this time they inventedRead MoreEssay about Greek and Gothic Architecture948 Words   |  4 PagesGothic Architecture Have you ever noticed the style in the buildings of your city? Well the style comes from an antique type of architecture called gothic architecture. The buildings now days have many developed characteristics from this style. Gothic architecture brought to the world many new features; the most important was the ogival arch, it helped the structure of the buildings and their inside designs. Gothic architecture started when the roman empire declined and the middle ages arose.Read MoreThe Influence of the Greeks and Romans on Architecture894 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Architecture should speak of its time and place, but yearn for timelessness.† (Gehry, 2012). What Frank Gehry was trying to say in simple terms was our culture cannot do without proper appreciation of its classical roots and it goes without saying that the Romans and Greeks have influenced art and architecture with its classical style in a number of different ways. Allow me to give a definition for the word classical. â€Å"Classical† refers to any art or architecture modelled after ancientRead More Role Model of the West Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesancient Greeks for their many contributions, such as architecture, fine arts, education, philosophy, and mostly for their form of democracy and ways of government. The architecture and fine arts in ancient Greece had proved to be beyond its time. The Greeks talent for architecture and art was and still is irresistible to many artist of today. The spread of this talent moved from the Greeks throughout Europe, especially Ancient Rome and all the way to present day United States. The Greek peopleRead MoreClassical Greek Architecture1848 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Classical Greek Architecture The Ancient Greek population was one of the most powerful civilizations of the world. And the power of the people did not reside particularly in military strength, but more so in the high development of its culture and civilization. The ancient Greeks revealed increased levels of innovation in numerous fields. They for instance focused on sporting activities and other competitions and games; they revered their gods and goddesses and they created new teachings thatRead MoreEssay about Greek and Japanese Architecture865 Words   |  4 PagesGreek and Japanese Architecture For a great many years, architecture has been a breaking point for different artisticeras in history. Some of the most famous â€Å"works of art† have been chapels, temples, and tombs. Among the most dominant and influential eras of great architecture are the sophisticated, stoic Greeco-Roman periods and the more mystical, elemental Japanese eras. These two very distinct and very different eras have more in common than you may realize. When work began on theRead MoreGreek And Roman Ideas778 Words   |  4 Pages Greek and Roman Ideals When considering the ancient Greek and Roman ideals you can see the distinct similarities in their art, government, monotheism, and architecture. The Romans duplicated many of the Greek styles and modified them to suit their lifestyles. Greece and Rome influences can be seen in art today with the use of concepts, techniques, and styles that were founded by the Greek classical ideal. These include techniques for carving sculptures and the construction of massive metropolitan

Saturday, December 21, 2019

What Techniques Does the Author Use to Maintain the...

Set in the 1930’s, in a time where hope was scarce and the depression was dominant, Tennessee William’s play, The Glass Menagerie, tells the tale of a disappointed family whose life is dull and bland. However, Tennessee Williams gives his play substance through the use of alternative techniques, and as a result the audience and reader’s of the text are left captivated and intrigued. Williams’s play is a memory play, based on his life and family, and this in effect gives it its realistic feel. In scene one of the play Williams writes, ‘The scene is memory and it is therefore non-realistic. Memory takes a lot of poetic licence. It omits some details: others are exaggerated, according to the emotional value of the articles it touches, for†¦show more content†¦The title of this song creates an irony as it relates to a duckling. This then alludes to the tale of the ugly duckling transforming into a beautiful swan, however Laura is the opposite of this. A swan is beautiful and graceful, however due to Laura’s limp, her dancing is both restricted and awkward and because of this she is not able to complete the transition and remains like the ugly duckling. This waltz also contrasts the dull reality of the Wingfield family’s lives to those who dwell outside the walls of the tenement. The music of ‘La Golondrina’ can be related to each of the characters as they are each waiting for the sun to rise and bring them a better day and brighter life. The central piece of music of the play titled, The Glass Menagerie, is also important as it represents the fragility of both the Wingfield family and the illusions they live through. This piece of music also places emphasis on the emotions of the characters throughout he play. It does this by playing at certain points such as when Laura is sitting alone playing with her glass menagerie. The music as this point emphasises Laura’s loneliness and the fact tha t her only friends are the animals of her menagerie. This allows the audience to feel empathy towards Laura, and in doing so helps to maintain their interest in the play. Another technique employed by William’s is his use of lighting. Throughout the play the stage remains

Friday, December 13, 2019

Millenium Goals and Png Free Essays

Millennium Development Goals 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger * Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income, which is less than one dollar a day. * Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people * Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger. We will write a custom essay sample on Millenium Goals and Png or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Achieve Universal Primary Education * Ensure that by 2015, all children everywhere will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling. . Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women * Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferable by 2005, and in all level of education by no later than 2015. 4. Reduce Child Mortality: * Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate. 5. Improve Maternal Health * Reduce by 3 quarters, between 1090 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio * Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health 6. Combat HIV/AIDs, Malaria and Other Diseases Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDs * Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it * Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases 7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability * Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduct ion in the rate of loss * Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources. Halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation * By 2020, to have achieved significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers. 8. Develop a Global Partnership for Development * Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system * Address the special needs of the least eveloped countries * Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States (through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly) * Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term * In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries * In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications Is PNG on track to achieving the goals? Papua New Guinea is not on track to achieving any of the goals so far. Current status in accordance with national Government reporting says that the country is off track in achieving all of the goals, with goal number 8 having insufficient information to even make a judgment. How to cite Millenium Goals and Png, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Marketing Strategies faced by Pepsi Co-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Evaluate the Marketing Strategies facing the Marketers of the Pepsi Co Company. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to provide an overview about the marketing mix and evaluate the marketing strategies facing the marketers of the Pepsi co Company. The application of 8P marketing mix on one of the product offerings of Pepsi is discussed in this report. PepsiCo Inc is one of the biggest American multinational beverage corporation headquartered in New York. The organizations beverage portfolio provides several choices to their customers and hence drives enhancement in productivity as well as new capabilities. Their product portfolio includes near about 22 brands, which in turn generates around $1 billion in annual retail sales. In fact, their product brand is available across the globe. The purpose of this company is to create healthier relationship between customer and product while continuing to expand their business. The marketing mix signifies the set of varied marketing tools that the entity utilizes for pursuing its objectives of marketing. The firm uses it as s trategic tool for formulating development plan as well as promotion of their product (Armstrong et al., 2015). 8p marketing mix aids the firm to review their business problem that affects their marketing strategy of the commodities. In addition, this kind of marketing mix also helps this company to realize the synergy and dynamics, which are included among some of the vital elements. This study also focuses on the contemporary issues that affect the marketing strategy of this organization. The last section of the study focuses on the recommendations for aiding Pepsi co to face these issues. 8p marketing mix concept 8P marketing mix signifies the model that aid to assess the business marketing strategy through some approaches. It is basically flexible for adapting all kinds of business selling goods and service as well as involving the role of customer service (Baker Saren, 2016). This kind of marketing mix is also taken into account as significant framework that aids the firm to analyze their competitors and plan their strategy based on this. The components of this 8P marketing mix involves- Product-One of the core value of the marketing effort is the good that the company produces based on the target customers. Most of the firms apply product testing method before launching the product in the market. The main reason behind adoption of this method is to attain trust of the customer and achieve success in the marketplace (Baker, 2014). This testing thereby facilitates them to make important decisions regarding the product such as designing, giving brand names, packaging etc. In some situation, the company faces difficulty in selling the new products owing to less demand. However, the integration of this tool might help them to increase these products demand in the competitive marketplace. PepsiCo provides huge product range under different brands including Pepsi, Pepsi Diet, Pepsi Max, 7up, Diet Pepsi Lime and so on. Price- Price usually covers the amount paid by the consumers for purchasing the product. This generally represents the total unit basis, which the company obtains from marketing of the products (Hanssens et al., 2014). The marketing department of the organization generally concentrates on the certain objectives of pricing as well as the factors impacting product price. Moreover, if the product being launched attains positive customer value, then the organization strategizes to set higher price. This in turn helps them to gain high profit margin. In addition, price of few commodities also gets influenced by the companys distribution plans, competitors goods price, markups and its value chain cost. However, it is necessary for the firm to make proper marketing strategy in order to mitigate price challenges arising in the competitive business environment. PepsiCo applies price discrimination strategy for maintaining pace and meet the requirement of customers. Promotion- Promotion of a particular commodity generally encompasses sponsorship, advertising in social media, personally selling, hoardings, public relations etc. With the help of promotional mix, the company makes aware of the product to their target audience (Chaffey Ellis-Chadwick, 2016). This method influences the customers decision making of purchasing the commodity. Apart from this, the firms usually make their contact with their consumers through these promotional efforts. In addition, these promotional activities also increase the expectations of the consumers and also drive total sales of the entity. One of the important marketing as well as promotional tools used by Pepsi is making strategic alliance with several other partners around the world. Other promotional strategies used by this company involves introduction of new flavors, low pricing, seasonal advertisement and so on. Physical evidence- All tangible as well as visible traces of business encountered by the customers that precedes buying of commodities are termed as physical evidence. Some of the important sections of physical evidence in the entity involves advertising, signage, brochure etc. These physical evidences are generally used by the firms in order to gain competitive advantage against their rivalries and improve their brand image in the market. They have also packaging philosophy that is- reduce, reuse , recycle and renew. Partnership-The organizations seeks for making new partners and administers their existing business partners for perking up their marketing operations. In addition, partnership also facilitates them to increase their level of profitability and enhance the performance in business. PepsiCo partners with SODA (Soda Stream International) for driving sales of certain beverage products. However, this entity expanded their business in the globe by using their strategic partnerships. Process- Every organization designs the marketing process in such a manner by which they can provide full satisfaction to their customers (Gilligan Hird, 2012). Few problem arises while conducting this process including process elements, which in turn place convince of provider ahead of consumers. The process used by Pepsico involves removal of high fructose from the traditional. The filled bottles are shipped for wrapping and sealing for protection, cartons, labels etc. Trained technicians performs quality control audits during manufacturing sequence. Lastly, as rinsed cans reaches filler, it is reinverted, filled and closed with lid. Product distribution- Distribution of product refers to the method applied by the organization to reach their products to customers. Effective product distribution is important for the entity for attaining their marketing target (Boone Kurtz, 2013). There are basically three types of strategies used by most of the firms for distributing the product based on its characteristics. These distribution strategies involves- selective, exclusive and intensive. Extensive distribution refers to distribution of highly priced commodities, which in turn requires details of sales from the mediator. Selective distribution is used when the manufacturers needs high geographical spread. Additionally, intensive distribution is applied for distributing low priced goods. PepsiCo has huge extensive distribution network across the globe, which ensures that the Pepsi products are available in each locality especially where the target market is situated. People-They are mainly the staffs of the company who contact with the customers directly and hence define service (Thaichon, Quach Lobo, 2013) One of the important business operations used by the companies includes selection, recruitment, and retaining people for doing the work involved in marketing operation process. The staffs involved in marketing operations of PepsiCo have standard uniform and maintains friendly service with their customers. Applying the component to the Mountain Dew The Pepsi Co entity has developed many products of different flavors and launched them across the globe. One of the product brands that have gained good reputation in the global market is Mountain Dew. This product is carbonated soft drink brand manufactured and owned by this entity. The 8P marketing mix of Mountain Dew is explained blow: Product- Mountain Dew has been one of the famous beverages that has its existence across the globe. This product has citrus flavor, high levels of caffeine and less carbonate content. This brand has implemented commodity adaption strategy since in some nations this product has less caffeine levels. Over the last few years, this brand has expanded their product portfolio by manufacturing hygienic drinks including Diet Mountain Dew, Raspberry Citrus, citrus orange etc. Price- This product brand has implemented competitive pricing strategy owing to competitive soft drinks market across the globe. This brand also revises its price based on the geography as well as competition in the market. The main purpose of implementing this pricing strategy is to increase market share by reducing their profit margin each unit and gain profit by applying economies of scale. They also applies discounted prices for promoting new product. Promotion- The target segment of this product brand is young customers and so their promotional strategy aims at placing product as sports inclined customers choice. In fact, 360 degree marketing has been used by this brand through ATL (Above the line) and BTL( below the line) platforms. In ATL campaign, the product are usually promoted through print media, TV advertisement and billboards (De Mooij, 2013). Furthermore, they also uses social media for promoting the advertising theme. On the other hand, in BTL campaign they have started Green Label Gaming program for extending their sponsorship to top vedio game designers. In addition, Physical evidence- The logo of Mountain Dew and several methods of promotional campaign facilitates them to attract large number of customers around the world. Product distribution- This brand has widespread as well as strong distribution network owing to its manufacturer PepsiCo. It involves services of retailer and distributor for reaching their customers through restaurants, supermarkets, discount stores etc. Process- The condensation process is used for bringing droplets and shiny luster in the product. This procedure results to sublime nature in the product. In fact, the packaging procedure involves creative bottling and labeling of drink. They mainly focuses on the designing bottles in order to attract more young aged customers in the global market. Partnership- This brand partners with three main esports company including Splyce, Team SK gaming and Team Dignitas. These partnerships provide gamers across the globe, which in turn improved the brand image around the world. People- The staffs recruited by them are provided training for dealing with the customers while marketing the product. However, this helped them to increase the sale of product and achieve success in the market. Contemporary issues facing the marketers The contemporary problems facing the PepsiCo marketers are given below: Corporate social responsibility (CSR)- CSR is defined as the commitment made by the business for improving the well being of society through certain discretionary practices and resource contribution (Tai Chuang, 2014). There are some areas of CSR interest such as- environmental protection, welfare of workers etc. Some of the problems that this company marketers faces in the recent era involves- This company faces several criticisms for their products as these are viewed unhealthy and its packaging contributes to huge waste. The CSE ( Centre for Science and Environment ) has claimed water used for producing the product contained toxins. However, the toxins included pesticides, which in turn affect the health of many people across the globe. The company has been given the allegations that they use groundwater for making their operations that makes the farmers harder to grow crops in effective way. Social media Interactions- In the present decade, the marketers of the organization face several problems regarding social media interactions owing to absence of guiding principle given by the respective government of nation (Garrigos-Simon, Lapiedra Alcami Barbera Ribera, 2012). While interacting with the customers through social media, the companies sometimes face inadequacy of data (Constantinides, 2014). This in turn adversely affects their total productivity. Furthermore, at times socially insensitive messages discourage the employees working in Pepsi Co. As a result, this negatively affects their reputation and financial performance. Globalization- Globalization refers to intensification as well as acceleration of mechanisms, activities and procedure, which helps to promote global interdependence. Few evidences reflect that globalization creates several issues for the organization marketers in recent decades. The companies face immense competition in account of product pricing as well as its distribution method due to globalization. PepsiCo faces political as well as social problems due to this globalization. In fact, they faces huge competition regarding pricing and quality from Coca- Cola company. Technological advancement- Although technological advancement eased the operations of marketers, they faced many problems including direct interactions with their customers, provide training to other staffs for innovating new products. Since one of the vital components of marketing is to target foreign customers, some companies face several issues regarding identification of the persona of varied purchasers. Introduction of new technology reduces the efficiency of workers in PepsiCo, which in turn leads to lower productivity level. Moreover, it also affects their designing and packaging of the products. Ethical concerns- The marketers of the organization face ethical problems relating to promotional campaigns since it sometimes targets the children. The Pepsi Co Company has been linked to the Child labor, low wages and exploitation of employees. There are several workers in this company who paid less despite fulfilling their working conditions (DesJardins McCall, 2014). This beverage organization has also been accused of continuing violations of human rights as well as union practices relating to anti-trade regarding existing factories of some nation. This organization has been given the allegation of wasting water and using harmful ingredients in producing the product. This in turn adversely impacts on their reputation in the market and also decreased their sales. Impact of contemporary issues on marketing strategy of Pepsi Co All the contemporary issues stated above negatively impacted the marketing strategy of the Pepsi Co. Owing to the CSR issues, this organization has lost the trust of their customers and also in certain situation faces long legal procedure. In addition, the allegation given to this company regarding CSR activities also badly influenced their overall sales of products and reputation in the global marketplace (Reisch, Eberle Lorek, 2013). Globalization has also influenced the marketing strategy of the management of most of the companies. It adversely affects four areas of marketing of PepsiCo that includes- their brands, marketers community, their customers and academic area of marketing. Owing to these problems, they revise as well as introduced new marketing strategies for sustaining in the competitive business environment. The marketing managers of this entity adopt strategic alliance as market entrance strategy (Cartwright Cooper, 2012). They even increases exporting more products , which in turn results into worldwide economic integration. They even adopted licensing as well as franchising strategy that involves less commitment of total resources on the international marketer. Not only this, the marketers of Pepsi Co adopted counter trade for increasing their export of products especially with the developing nations. With the integration of this strategy, this entity has gained entrance in USSR. The promotional campaigns used by PepsiCo also creates conflicts between marketers and society, which in turn negatively affected their target customers as well as pricing policy of the product. Owing to advancement in technology, some unskilled laborers left their job. Some of them also lowered their efficiency level and this affected their performance. For this reason, the marketing department strategized to provide training and development to the marketers for mitigating with this challenge. As social media interactions affect their customers decision making in bu ying the products, they revise their strategy of disclosing all product features. They also planned to attain feedback from customers after launching and try to produce new product based on their requirements. Recommendations The recommendations provided should be considered by the marketers of this company to improve their operations and achieve success in future. One of the important marketing strategies that this company should continue in future is mergers and acquisitions (Cartwright Cooper, 2012). For continuing their growth in business, this entity should continue to make effective mergers and acquisitions of bottling and beverages. As PepsiCo has several brands that contributes to their overall income, their marketing department should spent huge amount of money on advertising as well as marketing campaigns. However, it is predicted that successful campaigns will help them to increase market share over the competitors. Since globalization creates branding problems for PepsiCo, it is necessary for their marketers to adopt new marketing strategies (Gilligan Hird, 2012). These might include- different slogans for varied products and designing new bottle for new product in order to improve their bra nd image and maximize profitability. Opportunity in growth is also found in the rise in demand for consumers. However, this company should not only expand their product categories but also produce the products with lesser amounts of calories as well as sugar. This in turn will help them to drastically increase their sales and attain higher revenue. In addition, this organization should also adopt responsible marketing in order to avoid ethical issues. Responsible marketing means that the entity should design their advertising as well as marketing campaigns in socially sustainable manner (Von Schomberg, 2013). Furthermore, they should also include moral values while making advertising campaign for creating positive impact on their customers. It is also suggested that this firm should focus on their pricing decisions. It has been seen from the recent study that the price of PepsiCO products are generally lower as compared to their rivalries. This in turn might translate to lower produ ct quality to their customers. Therefore, it is recommended that this firm should increase their prices for matching their rivalries. As this organization has been found using tap waters in the bottled drinks and selling it to their customers, this created issues in CSR activities. Therefore, the entity is suggested to eliminate utilization of deceptive marketing practices and be more transparent to their customers. Conclusion The conclusion that can be drawn from the above study is that effective implementation of marketing strategies help the organization to attain higher profit margin and achieve success. It also facilitates them to gain competitive advantage over their competitors. PepsiCo gains competitive advantage through their innovative product line. As this company has been reliant on franchise bottle organization for distributing their product, they face issues since some franchises oppose to introduce new products. Moreover, other contemporary issues also affect the marketing strategies of this company. Additionally, the strategic marketing plan should be made by the marketers of the company by focusing on their business strategy. Furthermore, recommendations provided in the last section of report will help this firm to improve their marketing strategies and enhance business operations. References Anisimova, T. (2013). Evaluating the impact of corporate brand on consumer satisfaction.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,25(4), 561-589. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, M. J., Saren, M. (Eds.). (2016).Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013).Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Buil, I., Martnez, E., De Chernatony, L. (2013). The influence of brand equity on consumer responses.Journal of consumer marketing,30(1), 62-74. Cartwright, S., Cooper, C. L. (2012).Managing mergers acquisitions and strategic alliances. Routledg Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2016).Digital marketing. Prentice Hall. Constantinides, E. 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Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117. Thaichon, P., Quach, T. N., Lobo, A. (2013). Marketing communications: Factors influencing brand loyalty of internet service provider. Inmeeting of Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference. Auckland, New Zealand. Von Schomberg, R. (2013). A vision of responsible innovation.